GENERIC NAME: codeine

BRAND NAMES: Empirin #2, 3, 4; Tylenol #2, 3, 4; Tylenol with Codeine Elixir

DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Codeine is a narcotic pain reliever (analgesic). Its precise mechanism of pain relief is not clearly understood. Codeine is frequently combined with Tylenol or aspirin for more effective pain relief. Please visit acetaminophen (Tylenol) and Aspirin sites for further information.

PRESCRIPTION: yes

GENERIC AVAILABLE: yes

PREPARATIONS: Tablets: 15mg, 30mg, 60mg. Elixir: 12mg/5ml (teaspoon).

STORAGE: Store at room temperature, sealed, light- resistant container.

PRESCRIBED FOR: Codeine is used for the relief of mild to moderately severe pain.

DOSING: May be taken with food.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: EMPIRIN contains aspirin and is, therefore, not used in patients with a history of aspirin allergy. Children or teenagers with symptoms of chicken pox or influenza should avoid aspirin because of the association of aspirin with Reye's syndrome, a serious liver and neurologic condition. For more information regarding precautions in the use of aspirin and related medications, please visit Aspirin site. Tylenol with Codeine tablets contain a sulfite that can cause allergic asthma and even life-threatening anaphylaxis reactions in susceptible patients (more frequently seen in asthmatic patients).

Codeine can impair thinking and the physical abilities required for driving or operating machinery. Alcohol and other sedatives, such as Xanax, can produce further brain impairment and even confusion when combined with codeine. Therefore, alcohol and other sedative intake should be limited when taking codeine. Codeine is generally avoided in children. Codeine may be habit forming. Mental and physical dependence can occur, but are unlikely when used for short-term pain relief.

PREGNANCY: Codeine is generally avoided in pregnancy.

NURSING MOTHERS: Codeine is generally avoided in nursing mothers. Some studies have found codeine in the breast milk of nursing mothers.

SIDE EFFECTS: The most frequent side effects include lightheadedness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and sedation. Other side effects include allergic reactions, constipation, abdominal pain, and itching.